Glossary

Annex II

The list of product groups in Directive (EU) 2024/1799 for which manufacturers must repair at the consumer’s request, to the extent set by the relevant ecodesign regulation. Since Delegated Directive (EU) 2026/74 it has eleven entries, the latest being domestic local space heaters.

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Authorised representative

A manufacturer’s representative in the Union. Along with manufacturer and importer, it is bound by the ecodesign spare parts requirements, and it carries the repair obligation under Directive (EU) 2024/1799 when the manufacturer is established outside the Union.

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Bringing goods into conformity

If goods are defective, the consumer can choose between repair and replacement (Directive (EU) 2019/771). Before the remedy, the seller informs the consumer of this choice and of the possible 12-month extension for repair (as amended by Directive (EU) 2024/1799).

More: Right to repair or EmpCo?

Consumer

A person buying mainly for private purposes. The repairability information is owed only to consumers; sales to businesses are not covered.

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data.gouv.fr

The French state’s open data platform. It publishes a consolidated file of French repairability index data every day, mostly with GTIN, under the Licence Ouverte 2.0.

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Distance contract

A contract concluded without both parties being present at the same time, using means of distance communication, typically an online purchase. Repairability information for distance contracts is governed by Article 6(1)(u) and (v) of Directive 2011/83/EU, for in-store sales by Article 5(1)(i) and (j).

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Ecodesign

EU requirements for the environmentally sound design of products, adopted as regulations per product group under Directive 2009/125/EC. They require manufacturers, importers and authorised representatives to provide spare parts, delivery times and repair information, among other things.

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EmpCo

Short name of Directive (EU) 2024/825 on empowering consumers for the green transition. It added pre-contractual repairability information to Directive 2011/83/EU, and member states have applied their implementing rules since 27 September 2026.

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Energy label

The label under Regulation (EU) 2017/1369 and the delegated regulations per product group. For smartphones and slate tablets it also shows the repairability class; the arrow next to the price in a store shows only the energy efficiency class.

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EPREL

The European Product Registry for Energy Labelling, run by the European Commission. Suppliers register each model before placing it on the market, and according to EPREL the data comes directly from them (Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1369).

More: EPREL database

European online platform for repair

A platform the Commission is developing by 31 July 2027; member states use it for national sections or link their own platforms (Article 7 of Directive (EU) 2024/1799). It is free for consumers, and registration is voluntary for repairers.

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European Repair Information Form

A voluntary form that repairers, including manufacturers and sellers who repair, can use to offer a repair under Directive (EU) 2024/1799. In Germany, a completed form is an offer binding for 30 calendar days (Art. 245 EGBGB).

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GTIN and EAN

Global Trade Item Number, the item number under the barcode, in Europe usually the 13-digit EAN. In the French dataset on data.gouv.fr it identifies the model in almost every entry.

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Household tumble dryer

The second product group with a repairability class A to E, required for units placed on the market from 1 January 2027 (Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/1353). Spare parts for models placed on the market from 1 July 2025 must be available until at least 10 years after the last unit (Regulation (EU) 2023/2533).

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Importer

Whoever brings goods into the Union. It counts as producer for repairability information (Article 2(4) of Directive (EU) 2019/771), is bound by the ecodesign spare parts requirements and carries the repair obligation under Directive (EU) 2024/1799 when the manufacturer is outside the Union and has no authorised representative.

More: Selling into the EU from outside

Indicative prices

Manufacturers publish indicative prices for typical repairs (Article 5(5) of Directive (EU) 2024/1799) and, under some ecodesign regulations, indicative pre-tax prices of spare parts. Neither is the same as the estimated cost of spare parts that sellers must state.

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Indice de durabilité

The French durability index, a score from 0 to 10 combining repairability and reliability. It replaced the indice de réparabilité for TVs on 8 January 2025 and for washing machines on 8 April 2025.

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Indice de réparabilité

The French repairability index under Article L. 541-9-2 of the French Environmental Code, a score out of ten per model that sellers in France show next to the price. It is a national score, not an EU repairability score. The score is the sum of five criteria worth 20 points each, divided by ten.

More: How the index is calculated

Liability period

The period during which the seller is liable for defects. If the consumer chooses repair, it is extended once by 12 months for sales contracts concluded from 31 July 2026 (Directive (EU) 2019/771 as amended by Directive (EU) 2024/1799; in Germany § 475e(5) BGB).

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Licence Ouverte

Licence Ouverte / Open Licence 2.0 of the French administration (Etalab). It allows reuse, including commercial reuse, if the source and the date of the last update are named and no official character is suggested.

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Manufacturer (producer)

For repairability information, the manufacturer of the goods, the importer into the Union and anyone who puts their name, trade mark or other distinctive sign on the goods (Article 2(4) of Directive (EU) 2019/771, referred to in Article 2(14c) of Directive 2011/83/EU).

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Manufacturer condition

The condition in point (v): information on spare parts, manuals and repair restrictions is required only “provided that the producer makes the information available to the trader”. Whether it falls away when the seller is the manufacturer, own brand or importer is not settled.

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Manufacturer’s repair obligation

For goods listed in Annex II, the manufacturer must repair at the consumer’s request, free of charge or for a reasonable price and within a reasonable time (Article 5 of Directive (EU) 2024/1799). A previous repair by someone else is not on its own a reason to refuse.

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Placing on the market

The first making available of a product on the Union market. Spare parts periods under the ecodesign regulations mostly run from the placing on the market of the last unit of a model, for smartphones and tablets from the end of placing on the market.

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Product information sheet

The data sheet accompanying the energy label with the model’s values, for smartphones and tablets including repairability class, index and sub-scores. Online, sellers show it near the price or link it to EPREL with the words “product information sheet” (Annex VIII of Regulation (EU) 2023/1669).

More: EPREL database

Professional repairer

The recipient of certain spare parts and repair information under the ecodesign regulations. Manufacturers may usually restrict access to registered professional repairers.

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Registration number

A model’s number in EPREL. The user manual or other documents must state it or point to the entry with a readable URL or QR code (Annex V of Regulation (EU) 2023/1669).

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Repair (remedy)

Repair of defective goods by the seller, one of the two ways of bringing them into conformity. During repair the seller may lend replacement goods, and at the consumer’s express request it may deliver refurbished goods as a replacement (Directive (EU) 2019/771 as amended by Directive (EU) 2024/1799).

More: Right to repair or EmpCo?

Repair instructions

Whether repair and maintenance instructions are available is part of the information under point (v). The ecodesign regulations require manufacturers to provide repair information, partly only to registered repairers.

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Repair restrictions

Anything that limits the repair of goods, such as parts the manufacturer supplies only to professionals. Sellers state them under point (v) where the producer provides them.

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Repairability class

A letter from A (most repairable) to E on the energy label, for smartphones and slate tablets since 20 June 2025 and for tumble dryers placed on the market from 1 January 2027. For smartphones, class A starts at an index of 4.00 and class E at 1.00.

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Repairability index

The number from which the repairability class follows. For smartphones and tablets it is weighted from six parameters scored 1 to 5 each and shown as “x.xx/5” (Regulation (EU) 2023/1669); tumble dryers use a different scale.

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Repairability score (Union score)

The directive calls it “reparability score”: “a score expressing the capacity of a good to be repaired, based on harmonised requirements established at Union level” (Article 2(14d) of Directive 2011/83/EU). As of October 2026 it exists for smartphones and slate tablets, and from 1 January 2027 for newly placed tumble dryers.

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Right to repair

Directive (EU) 2024/1799, applicable since 31 July 2026: the manufacturer’s repair obligation for goods listed in Annex II and changes to the legal guarantee. It does not govern information before purchase, which comes from Directive (EU) 2024/825.

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Slate tablet

A tablet with a touchscreen diagonal from 17.78 cm (7 inches) to below 44.20 cm (17.4 inches), without a permanently attached keyboard and with an operating system for mobile platforms (Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2023/1669). It has carried the repairability class since 20 June 2025.

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Spare part

Under point (v), sellers inform about the availability, estimated cost and ordering procedure of spare parts needed to keep the goods in conformity. Which parts manufacturers must keep available, and for how long, is set by the ecodesign regulations.

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Supplier

Under energy labelling law, the party that delivers devices with a printed label, registers models in EPREL before placing them on the market and gives dealers the label and product information sheet (Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2023/1669, Article 4 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1369).

More: EPREL database

Trader

Whoever sells to consumers in a commercial or professional capacity. The trader owes the repairability information, also when selling through an online marketplace.

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